Labour 2

" CALCULATION NOS OF LABOUR
REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING "

ALL ESTIMATION GUIDED BY 'A'

'A' = Plinth Area Per Floor

NO OF MASON UNIT IN DAY(TIME)

8 HRS = 1 DAY

1. MASON:

A. FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (1.335A + 28)

B. FOR DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (1.335A + 6)

C. FOR FOUR STOREY BUILDING (Framed):
Labour Required in Day = (1.593A - 2)

2. CARPENTER:

A. FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (1.184A - 9)

B. FOR DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (1.194A - 9)

C. FOR FOUR STOREY BUILDING (Framed):
Labour Required in Day = (1.66A)

3. PAINTER:

A. FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (0.19A)

B. FOR DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (0.19A)

C. FOR FOUR STOREY BUILDING (Framed):
Labour Required in Day = (0.19A)

4. BLACKSMITH:

A. FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (0.269A - 4)

B. FOR DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (0.274A - 1.4)

C. FOR FOUR STOREY BUILDING (Framed):
Labour Required in Day = (1.11A - 0.0043A^2 -17.6)

5. MAZDOOR:

A. FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (4.769A + 32)

B. FOR DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING (Load Bearing):
Labour Required in Day = (4.91A + 13)

C. FOR FOUR STOREY BUILDING (Framed):
Labour Required in Day = (5.833A - 9.2)

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Labour 1

LABOUR 
OF 
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

1. MASON:

Mason, brick mason, or bricklayer, a craftsman who lays bricks to construct brickwork, or who lays any combination of stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or similar pieces. Stone mason, a craftsman in the stone-cutting and shaping industry (who may also set the stones)

2. CARPENTER:

A worker who builds or repairs wooden structures or their structural parts

3. PAINTER:

A house painter and decorator is a tradesman responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is also known as a decorator or house painter.

4. BLACKSMITH:

Blacksmith, also called smith, craftsman who fabricates objects out of iron by hot and cold forging on an anvil. Blacksmiths who specialized in the forging of shoes for horses were called farriers. The term blacksmith derives from iron, formerly called “black metal,” and farrier from the Latin ferrum, “iron.”

5. MAZDOOR:

An unskilled labourer.

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Estimate 8

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Formwork
(unit in Sqm)

Definition: 
The Mold arrangement of wood or metal plate to hold fresh concrete to attain its shape is called Formwork.-
3 Types-

1. Shuttering (Vertical Surface)

2. Centering (Horizontal Surface)

3. Staging (Wooden Ballies, Props or Support)

Note:
Generally,
Formwork used for Residential Building is Wooden or Steel,
In the case of typical Multistore Building Project used MIVAN

Some Important Equation:

• Ballies Height Approximately 3m and 100mm Dia 
• The spacing of props not more than 1m C/C
• Centering upto a span of 4.5m removed after 7 days And Over 4.5m removed after 14 days

During Construction Work: 

• Props should rest on flat Surface base (Used Brick in case of Wooden Ballies)
• Used Oil to easy Deshuttering 
• The surface of fromwork should clean before placing concrete.
• The gapes between centering and shuttering is sealed by mastic tape to prevent leakage of the slurry. Fromworks should leakage proof.

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Estimate7

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Reinforcements
(unit in MT or Kg)

Definition: 
A Steel Tor bar which provides tensile strength in RCC work
Different dia of Tor Bar-

Note:
The Bar is available in different dia and standard length of 12m
12 mm Dia for Hanger Bar
Generally Fe 500 TMT bar used in Construction 

Some Important Equation:

• Unit Weight of Steel = 7850 Kg/m3
• The weight (Kg) of 1m bar = (d^2)/162
• Slab = 80 Kg/m3
• Beam = 110 Kg/m3
• Column = 160 Kg/m3
• Footing Slab = 80 Kg/m3
• Generally Take Bar Volumn is 1.25% of Total Volumn of RCC work

During Construction Work: 

• Steel bar free from oil and Rust(But Littel Rusting is not harmfull)
• The bar should not develop crack of the bend portion
• Check ISI logo and Grade should more than 450
• Never stack the steel rod in direct contact of the ground

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BBS 2

BBS

HOOK:

L-HOOK (90 Angle)
Generally used in Beam 
Length = 6D
D = Dia of Bar

U-HOOK 
Generally used in Slab, Footing Slab, Chajja, Lintel
Length = 9D

D = Dia of Bar

Longitudinal Bar = 6D, used in column

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Bar Bending Schedule

BBS (Bar Bending Schedule )

Definition:

Method of Calculate No of bars with required specification design and its weight is called bar bending schedule.
XXXXXXX

Reinforcement Bar:

Steel Bar used as reinforcement in RCC structure called reinforcement bar.

Value of Dia < 6mm, Called Wire
Value of Dia >= 6mm, Called Bar

Grade < Fe-450, Called, MS TOR BAR
Grade >= Fe-450, Called, HYSD TOR BAR

Grade of Bar:

Generally, Fe 450 used as a reinforcement Bar.
450 Means Strength 450N/mm2 
To increase strength, Carbon content should increase 
Fe-450
Fe-500
Fe-600

Note: In field always used above Fe-450

Clear Cover:

Clear Cover is a distance which made by concrete and it resists the reinforce from the weathering action such as moisture, snow etc.

Following of clear cover is used in RCC -
For, Slab =20mm
Beam = 30 mm
Column = 40 mm
Foundation & Footing = 50 mm
Lintel = 25 mm
Pile Foundation = 50 mm
Man Hole = 50 mm
All Water Tank and Reservoir wall if If not Given then assumed 200mm

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Conversation Table

CONVERSATION TABLE

LENGTH:

1 ft = 12 inch

1 inch. = 25.4mm (say,25 mm)

1 ft = 304.8 mm (say, 300 mm)

1 m = 1000 mm

1 Km = 0.6214 mile

1 yard = 3 ft

Note: When Running meter(Rmt) and Running foot (RTF) then we should use the actual dimension conversation. i.e. 1 Rmt = 3.28 RTF , and 1 Rtf = 304.8 mm

WEIGHT / MASS:

1 Ton = 1000 Kg

1.0161 Ton (say, 1 Ton.) = 2240 Pounds

1 Pound = 0.4536 Kg

1 Kgf = 9.81 N

1 KN = 1000 N

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

Note: Ton or Tonne is also known as Metric Tonne

AREA:

1 Sqm = 10.764 SFT = 1.196 Sq.Yard

720 SFT = 1 KATHA = 16 CHATAK

45 SFT = 1 CHATAK

14400 SFT = 1 BIGHA = 33 DECI

1 DECI = 14400/33 = 436.36 SFT

100 DECI = 1 ACRE = 3 BIGHA=43200 SFT

2.473 ACRE = 1 HECTOR = 10000 m2

Note: Always area unit serial shown in this type
BIGHA - KATHA - CHATAK - SFT
HECTOR - ACRE - DECI - SFT


VOLUMN:

1 m3 = 1000 liters
1m3 = 35.28cft = 1.3080 cuyard

1 gallon (us) = 3.7853 litres

1 gallon (uk) = 4.5461 litres

1 cuyard = 27 cft = 0.7646 cum

Note: In india generally used uk gallon

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Building planning page 2

Building Planning

TOPIC:

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XXXXXXX

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Building Estimate page 6

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Plain Cement Concrete
(unit in cum)

Definition: 
PCC is the first concrete work of any construction. 
A layer of concrete (Cement:sand:Agg:water) above the SBFS is Known as PCC.

Mainly, Following Grade are mainly used-

1. M10, (1:3:6) Generally Used
2. M15, (1:2:4)
3. M20, (1:1.5:3)

Some Important Equation:

• Thickness PCC Layer = 100 to 150mm
• Aggregate size = 40mm 

During Construction Work: 

• Spread concrete using Fanti.
• Compact using Rammer.
• If there are any surface void later fill it using cement mortar.

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Building Estimation Page 5

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Brick flat Soling
(unit in sqm)

Definition: 
A layer of brick with lean concrete below the PCC and above the earth in Known as SBFS.
According to the arrangement of Bricks in SBFS.
Mainly, 3 Type is-

Note:
In the old generation of construction used lime concrete which Required Ramming.
But in the new generation of construction use cement concrete which dose not required ramming.

Some Important Equation:

• 1m2 SBFS = 45 Nos Brick 0.30 m3 Lean Concrete  

During Construction Work: 

• Before laying the bricks, the area shall be cleaned properly, Water Soacking of bricks shall be done properly(not less than six hours before the work execution), Bricks shall be kept wetted till the work execution.

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Building Estimate page 4

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Earthwork In Filling or Sand Filling
(unit in cum)

Definition: 
The excavated earth from foundation trench used for filling is called Earthwork in filling. 
Consist of two parts- 
1. For foundation trench filling, 
2. For plinth filling

Some Important Equation:

• Foundation trench filling = 1/5th of Earthwork in excavation. 
• Plinth filling = Carpet area x Depth of filling

During Construction Work: 

• After Foundation or Substructure work Completely done we start filling.
• The material of filling free from lumps, Vegetation, Chemical and Organic Material.
• Filling of sand in a layer of 250mm and compacting with water (Hand Rammer weight 7 to 10 Kg).

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Building Estimate Page 3

Method Of Individual Work Estimate
General item of work required for Building Estimate

Earthwork In Excavation
(unit in cum)

Definition: 
The earth is excavated from foundation trench for construct substructure. 

Some Important Equation:

• Cost generally less than ( 0.3 x Total cost )

During Construction Work: 

• Excavated earth was thrown out minimum 1m or 1/3 of the depth of the excavation which is more.
• If the excavation depth more then 2m then provide inclined or Stepped excavation.
• Dressing or trimming sides of excavations and levelling or grading and ramming of bottoms shall be described with the item of excavation.

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Building Estimate Page 2

Different types of Building Estimates

Details Estimate:

Quantities, Rates, and Cost of all individual items calculated from Drawing and measurement sheets, And prepared Details and most Accurate sheets.
All multiplying dimensions are shown in details estimations.

Approximate Estimate (Rough Estimate):

In this types of the estimate, we get approximate cost in a short time. 
Approximate cost find out by similar typical types of estimates. Using such guided parameter which like Plinth area.

A Quantity Estimate (Quantity Survey):

This estimate is also known as Bill of quantity (BOQ). It is a list of items of work which multiplying with the unit rates of individual work and lastly shown the total work of the project and project cost. 
Only Quantity, Rates and cost is shown in this estimations. 

Revised Estimate:

Due changes in unit rates the sanctioned amount is exceeded. This estimate is a details estimate for revised quantities and rates of item.
So no additions or revisions of drawing is necessary.

Supplementary Estimate:

Due Addition and changes of work the sanctioned amount is exceeded. This estimate is a details estimate for revised quantities and rates of items.
Here, Additions or revisions of drawing is necessary.

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